Networking and Communication"Check the reviewed one below"
What is Networking and Communication?
Data communications refers to the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and a computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. The physical connection between networked computing devices is established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet.
What are the types of Computer Networks?
In computer networks, the data is passed in the form of packets. The devices that transmit or receive this data, such as a phone or a computer, are referred to as nodes. There are three main types of networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN): It is usually a small network that is restricted to a small geographic area. A computer network available only to the residents of a building can be called a LAN.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): As the name implies, these networks cover a broad range of geographic area. WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together so that users and computers can communicate with computers in other regions. An example of a WAN is the much-used and loved, Internet.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): MAN is a network that connects the users with computer resources in a geographic area that is larger than LAN but not quite as large as WAN.
What are the basic components of Computer Networks?
1.Servers - Servers are computers that hold shared files, programs, and the network operating system. Servers provide access to network resources to all the users of the network. There are many different kinds of servers, and one server can provide several functions. For example, there are file servers, print servers, mail servers, communication servers, database servers, print servers, fax servers and web servers, to name a few.
2.Clients - Clients are computers that access and use the network and shared network resources. Client computers are basically the customers(users) of the network, as they request and receive services from the servers.
3.Transmission Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to interconnect computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. Transmission media are sometimes called channels, links or lines.
4.Shared data - Shared data are data that file servers provide to clients such as data files, printer access programs and e-mail.
5.Shared printers and other peripherals - Shared printers and peripherals are hardware resources provided to the users of the network by servers. Resources provided include data files, printers, software, or any other items used by clients on the network.
6.Network Interface Card - Each computer in a network has a special expansion card called a network interface card (NIC). The NIC prepares(formats) and sends data, receives data, and controls data flow between the computer and the network. On the transmit side, the NIC passes frames of data on to the physical layer, which transmits the data to the physical link. On the receiver's side, the NIC processes bits received from the physical layer and processes the message based on its contents.
7.Local Operating System - A local operating system allows personal computers to access files, print to a local printer, and have and use one or more disk and CD drives that are located on the computer.
8.Network Operating System - The network operating system is a program that runs on computers and servers, and allows the computers to communicate over the network.
9.Hub - Hub is a device that splits a network connection into multiple computers. It is like a distribution center. When a computer request information from a network or a specific computer, it sends the request to the hub through a cable. The hub will receive the request and transmit it to the entire network. Each computer in the network should then figure out whether the broadcast data is for them or not.
10.Switch - Switch is a telecommunication device grouped as one of computer network components. It uses physical device addresses in each incoming messages so that it can deliver the message to the right destination or port.
Useful Links:
Questions:
1-What is the difference between switch and hub?
2-How Is it possible to change the computer’s IP address using some software ?
3- Can we change from one of computer network type to another?
Networking and Communicatio(Reviewed Version)
What is Networking and Communication?
Data
communication
refers to the transmission of the digital data between
two or more computers The physical connection between
networked computing devices is established using either
cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer
network is the Internet.
What are the types of Computer Networks?
In computer networks, the data is passed in the form of
packets .
Everything you do on the Internet involves packets. For
example, every Web page that you receive comes as a
series of packets, and every e-mail you send leaves as a
series of packets. The devices that transmit or receive
this data, such as a phone or a computer, are referred
to as nodes. There are three main types of networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN): It is usually a small
network that is restricted to a small geographic area.
For instance, a
computer network available only to the residents of a
building can be called a LAN.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): As the name implies, these
networks cover a broad range of geographic area. WANs
are used to connect LANs and other types of networks
together so that users and computers can communicate
with computers in other regions. An example of a WAN is
the much-used and loved, Internet.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): MAN is a network
that connects the users with computer resources in a
geographic area that is larger than LAN but not quite as
large as WAN.
What are the basic components of
Computer Networks?
1.Servers
- Servers are computers that hold shared files,
programs, and the network operating system. Servers
provide access to network resources to all the users of
the network. There are many different kinds of servers,
and one server can provide several functions. For
example, there are file servers, print servers, mail
servers, communication servers, database servers, print
servers, fax servers and web servers, to name a few.
2.Clients
- Clients are computers that access and use the network
and shared network resources. Client computers are
basically the customers(users) of the network, as they
request and receive services from the servers.
3.Transmission Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to
interconnect computers in a network. Transmission media
are sometimes called channels, links or lines.
4.Shared data
- Shared data are data that file servers provide to
clients such as data files, printer access programs and
e-mail.
5.Shared printers and other peripherals - Shared printers and
peripherals are hardware resources provided to the users
of the network by servers. Resources provided include
data files, printers, software, or any other items used
by clients on the network.
6.Network Interface Card
- Each computer in a network has a special expansion
card called a network interface card (NIC). The NIC
prepares(formats) and sends data, receives data, and
controls data flow between the computer and the network.
On the transmit side, the NIC passes frames of data on
to the physical layer, which transmits the data to the
physical link. On the receiver's side, the NIC processes
bits received from the physical layer and processes the
message based on its contents.
7.Local Operating System - A local operating system allows personal
computers to access files, print to a local printer, and
have and use one or more disk and CD drives that are
located on the computer.
8.Network Operating System - The network operating system is a program that
runs on computers and servers, and allows the computers
to communicate over the network.
9.Hub
- Hub is a device that splits a network connection into
multiple computers. It is like a distribution center.
When a computer request information from a network or a
specific computer, it sends the request to the hub
through a cable. The hub will receive the request and
transmit it to the entire network. Each computer in the
network should then figure out whether the broadcast
data is for them or not.
10.Switch
- Switch is a telecommunication device grouped as one of
computer network components. It uses physical device
addresses in each incoming messages so that it can
deliver the message to the right destination or port.
Useful Links:
Questions:
1-What is the difference between switch and hub?
2-How
Is it possible to change the computer’s IP address using some software ?
3- Can we change from one of computer network type to
another?